Islamophobia in the Media

Islamophobia in the Media The media is a methods for correspondence which is normally made through TV, radio, papers and different outlets that impact a wide measure of individuals. Besides, the media causes sentimental hysterias of wrongdoing and dread of wrongdoing, this incorporating the media’s job in the social development of wrongdoing and media intensification of wrongdoing. The connection among wrongdoing and the media has been discussed verifiably especially corresponding to open apprehensions about the hurtful impacts of the media. It is regular perception that emergency, for example, wars, share markets, outrages frequently drive the open approach making process. Emergency uncovers the issues and open agreement rises that policymakers must take care of business. These emergency uncover supporters significant job in network emergency data Saider 2006:1) picking contrary names for individuals or gatherings that amazing policymakers hates utilizing positive names for depicting uncontrollably acts are a piece of media stunts. Various media battles are going on against Islam and Muslims. Different channels attempting to show a harsh image of Islam to their open. Simultaneously muslims bunches through different media are attempting to pass on their messages yet in contrast with the worldwide strength of the western media their belongings are by one way or another futile. The media has duty of detailing reasonable and impartial reports. Be that as it may, media are currently accused for neglecting the moral issues with regards to Islam. In spite of the fact that Islam is the quickest developing religion in the west, the west has numerous generalizations and misguided judgments about Islam that are because of the media, preference and numbness. Islam is frequently viewed the fanatic psychological militant central religion. Rather than what numerous westerners consider Islam is a quiet religion, which doesn't advance any types of uncalled brutality or psychological oppressor activities. A central point which adds to Islamic generalizing in the west due to the medias determination of their words that depict Muslims. Some normal name heard or found in the report about Muslims are radical or psychological oppressor. These words are misdirecting any primarily are hostile to Islamic. The media once in a while utilize more words, for example, Pentecostal or dynamic. Media reports about Muslims and Islam adversely. An extraordinary misguided judgment that exists reality with regards to Jihad which implies â€Å"the battle in the way of God†. Notwithstanding, the media manhandles the significance of Jihad by alluding to it as a war wherein Muslims irrationally execute non-devotees. Be that as it may, the truth of the matter is that Jihad can mean a quantities of things that a Muslims accomplishes for God. The media utilized this sort of a definition in their reports. The media regularly takes the word Jihad outside of any relevant connection to the issue at hand to proliferate negative perspectives on Muslims. Media utilizing the most applicable case of the 9/11 occasion was to underwrite its political increase. The media portrays Islam as fundamentalism, fanatic and radicalized religion. In a world were the job of the media is control; the picture of reality can be controlled by the creator. The media attempted to speak to Muslims as psychological oppressors representing a danger to security of nations. The manner in which the media expounds on Muslims being psychological oppressors and the manner in which they depict them on TV, narratives and numerous others it brings up numerous issues for strategy creators and for overall population like, what the reason for worldwide fear mongering is, regardless of whether all the Muslims are psychological oppressors including youngsters, ladies and why every single Muslim individuals abhor British individuals and numerous others. These sorts of inquiries make open frenzy around the Muslim people group and psychological oppressor dangers. In any cas e, an examination by Whitaker (2002) recommended that Muslims are bigoted, fierce and pitiless. It additionally proposed that Muslims are accounted for the most part when they cause a difficulty however negative stories that frequently originate from different nations. They clearly have some impact on perusers view of Muslims in Britain. By doing so they attempt to legitimize the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This prompted the rise of Islamophobia. Nonetheless, little exertion has been made to react to their negative crusades. On the opposite the demonstration of fear monger bunches who murder individuals particularly western prisoners help their media to show that they are all things considered casualties of psychological warfare. The medias poor portrayals of Islam are because of poor language interpretations, the nonattendance of created news offices which interactional systems and local journalists and one-sided revealing by columnists. People in general is regularly misguided about the Muslims through the pictures on TV, radio, comic stories in papers which elevate solid message to the general population. Journalists frequently state Muslims are fear monger. This turns into the basic picture to the general people that all the Muslims are fear mongers (Edwards Saids book, covering Islam 1997). The portrayal of muslims in the media identify with the absence of acknowledgments of contrasts. Media makes conviction based frenzies around fear based oppressor danger. As one researcher said the war on psychological warfare is a war of pictures and the best pictures are those of fear based oppressors casualties. Be that as it may, opposite side we see segregation related with Islamophobia. This speaks to that the muslims are danger to security. Negative inclusion of muslims has prompted the creation of hostile to Islamic movies like â€Å"Fitna† by Dutch parliamentarian Geert Wilders. After 9/11 assaults most specialists has discussed security issues however everybody sees to overlook different reasons for assaults, for example, social and political. In Iraq war monetary, social and political causes were overlooked. The portrayals on muslims in the media needs to change. To improve the picture of Islam and muslims it requires a solid exertion from muslim networks. These end eavors should incorporate an extensive procedure of changes. Muslims will always be unable to improve their picture on the planet in the event that they neglect to show up as a country of culture and civilisation. Some different options ought to be embraced to teach others about Islam, harmony and resilience and to explain the off base perspectives on Islam held by certain individuals. Dr. Mona Amer, a clinician directed an examination about the psychological well-being of Muslims and Arab Americans in 2006, it gives us that after 9/11 assaults numerous Muslims and Arabs experience the ill effects of nervousness, misery and even post-horrendous pressure issue. In spite of the fact that most of members in the investigation revealed having a sense of security to amazingly safe to pre 9/11, over 82% announced inclination risky post 9/11. Dr Amer noticed that feeling perilous is an indicator of post awful pressure issue. Anyway this investigation wound up as an objective of despise and separation after Dr. Amer research was accounted for in USA Today. Dr. Amer got demise dangers from outsiders this additionally was referenced in an article â€Å"Muslims in America, post 9/11†, by Rebecca Clay whose exploration shows that the negative mentality towards Muslims has not diminished. Muslims get steady negative messages through media about their religion and culture. Obviously it shows that Muslims regularly rewarded actually seriously despite the fact that its been 13 years of 9/11 assaults. Then again, once in a while the media is by all accounts one-sided against Muslim people group. At the point when the media mutilates the picture of Islam and Muslims, the overall population will in general trust it in light of the fact that the media is a significant wellspring of data that the general population gets about Islam and Muslims. Though, it very well may be contended that Muslims in Britain and over the western circle, have voiced their stresses over the manner in which Islam is depicted in the media. Beside the activity in correctnesses and antagonism forestalled in media talk they feel that individuals and their view of confidence and convictions are antagonistically influenced by such portrayal. Ahmed, (1992) led an examination which featured that the manner in which a few people see Islam and Muslims through media is one of the elements conceivably adding to social separation and impediment among Muslim minorities. A report by the Guardian recommended that Muslim individuals in western media is ordinarily cliché and negative. The report likewise recommended that the manner in which the media talks and expounds on Muslims would not be satisfactory if the reference were to different minorities, for example, Jewish, Black and others. These investigations demonstrated that media shapes popular assessment and spreads reality by their control. It likewise showed that TV, News, narratives have the most grounded effect on people’s perspectives on Islam. In light of these contentions it could be contended that the manner in which media covers fear monger assaults, the way depict the picture of a Muslim who has been captured or seen as suspected or general paper articles may have deciphered wrongly so it can build the strain inside Muslims and non-Muslims. Impact of these sorts of media Britain may feel compromised as they can accept that all the psychological militant occurrences happened they a re completely arranged and led by Muslim individuals, in future they can design different assaults on Britain to render retribution. In this way making make conviction based frenzies as they misled the open which at that point bring about Muslim people group being viewed as fear based oppressors and a danger to the UK. Nonetheless, these reports could raise a mindfulness for overall population to not to accept each news has been accounted for as the editorial manager or creator of that news inclusion may have deciphered diversely to precisely what happened to sell the duplicates of their papers, bring issues to light of TV directs so as to bring in cash. A web study of 1,360 individuals was completed by worldwide market knowledge, Muslims voice UK Queens University of Liverpool UK Muslims fault Islamphobia on the depiction of their religion in media. Overview uncovered that 40% Muslims accused ant6i-Islamic sentiments on Media, 74% non-Muslims accused on 9/11 assaults. Non-Muslims are worried about radicalism, the absence of incorporation Muslims not being pleased to be British and the need oft resistance by Muslims. Be that as it may, the greatest danger to great Muslims and non-slip network is the falsehood on

Introductory Marketing Essay

Contextual investigations are an extraordinary method to get the hang of showcasing †applying what you have figured out how to a business circumstance will assist you with understanding the ideas well. This term we will dissect cases in two different ways †in class, and as composed case assignments to be turned in. IN-CLASS CASES: Your content contains cases to be talked about in class. It is basic that you peruse and set up the case toward the finish of every part, when that section is appointed on the course plan. Set up your responses to the inquiries posed for the situation, and have a few answers detailed before you come to class. Everybody will be relied upon to be comfortable with the case on the day for which the part it is in is alloted, and everybody will be required to have planned a few remarks and bits of knowledge. CASES TO BE HANDED IN: Here is a rundown of the case assignments to be submitted and checked: Case 1 †Tablet War: RIM’s Playbook Versus Apple’s iPad, p.29, questions 1-4 Case 2 †Weight Watchers Versus Jenny Craig, p.177, questions 1-4 Case 3 †Puttin’ on the Ritz, p.346, if it's not too much trouble include a fourth inquiry: 4.) Explain the promoting research process for a task intended to gauge consumer loyalty with the Ritz-Carlton. Case 4 †Dove Widens Definition of Real Women†¦.and Men, p.486, questions 1-4 Case Assignment Guidelines: †¢ Cases ought to be close to one page long †no cover sheet. Just one page will be checked! †¢ Cases are to be given to the educator by and by, in class, on their due date. †¢ Two out of the planned cases will be chosen by the educator for marks †in the event that you deliver each of the 4 cases, you will get your two best checks; on the off chance that you turn in 3 of the 4 cases, you will get your best imprint for one, and zero for the other; on the off chance that you deliver 2 or less cases, you will get no imprints for cases †¢ Copies ought to be kept of all work submitted. †¢ Read the case through, read the inquiries, and read the case again before you begin to build up your answers. Invest some energy in the organization site becoming more acquainted with the brand and its’ business from a showcasing point of view. †¢ Answer just as you were an advertising official, not a buyer. †¢ Use promoting words and phrasing, not terms like â€Å"stuff† and â€Å"things†. Make each idea and sentence check †and make every basic and to-the-point. Stay away from additional words or â€Å"filler† material. †¢ In a 1-page case investigation, you needn't bother with cites, nor do you have to rehash realities from the case review, keep your language brief. †¢ Write your cases with a business composing style †short and to the point rather than a scholastic composing style †which is a greater amount of a paper group. †¢ Communicate well †utilize intriguing sentences, right language and spelling, precise grammar. †¢ At the finish of the investigation, offer your own input, examination or viewpoint. †¢ If your case is late it will be given a sign of zero. Checking: After you have presented your case and your educator has looked into it, you will stamp your case, out of 100%, utilizing the kind of stamping plan showed in the diagram beneath.

College Scholarships for People With ADHD

College Scholarships for People With ADHD ADHD School Print College Scholarships for People With ADHD By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Updated on January 19, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children  Virojt Changyencham  / Getty Images Do you have ADHD and wonder if there are scholarships available for college? Use these tips for looking for scholarship opportunities, including those for people with ADHD. Searching for Scholarships When you are searching for ADHD scholarships for college, be sure to widen your search to include scholarships available for learning disabilities. You may also want to explore private scholarships that have nothing to do with your ADHD. For example, you might be eligible for scholarships depending on your study interests and career goals, ethnic background, religious affiliation, extracurricular activities, military experience and your parents’ place of employment. If you are employed or volunteering, ask your company if they offer scholarships. Many organizations such as the Lions Club, Kiwanis Club, Rotary International, Elks Club, Boy Scouts, and Girl Scouts also offer scholarships. Major labor unions such as the AFL-CIO and Teamsters offer scholarships for members and their dependent children. Your church or synagogue may even have scholarships. Check with your Chamber of Commerce to see what they may have available, as well. Your local state Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) agency is another resource that may be able to assist in your scholarship search. Search  State Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies to find the contact information for your state VR office. The Financial Aid office at the colleges you are considering is often the best resource for scholarship information. These financial aid counselors will be familiar with local, state, and private sources of funding. You can also try general scholarship search engines on the Internet such as Fast Web, Scholarship.com, Peterson’s Scholarship Search, and College Boards Scholarship Search. List of ADHD Scholarships The following are scholarship programs that have been available to students with ADHD. Requirements and availability can change yearly. Check their websites for current details. Anne Ford and Allegra Ford Thomas Scholarships The Anne Ford Scholarship is a $10,000 scholarship ($2,500/year over four years) granted to a graduating high school senior with a documented learning disability who will be enrolled in a full-time bachelor’s degree program in the fall. The Allegra Ford Thomas Scholarship is a $5,000 scholarship awarded over two years ($2,500 each year) to a graduating high school senior with a documented learning disability who will be enrolled in a two-year community college, a vocational or technical training program, or a specialized program for students with LD in the fall.?? Fred J. Epstein Youth Achievement Award This award recognizes the strengths and accomplishments of young people with learning disabilities and ADHD. It will be given to a student 19 or younger who has demonstrated initiative, talent, and determination resulting in a notable accomplishment in any fieldâ€"including art, music, science, math, athletics or community service. Honorable Mentions are also be awarded.?? Incight Scholarship The Incight Go-Getter Scholarship is an award that is renewable each year and is for students with physical, learning, cognitive, hearing or visual disabilities who are residents of Washington, Oregon, or California.?? Learning Disabilities Association of Iowa The Learning Disabilities Association of Iowa awards scholarships to Iowa high school seniors with learning disabilities.?? Marion Huber Learning Through Listening Award Each year the Marion Huber Learning Through Listening Awards are given to six Nationaly Ally high school seniors with learning disabilities that plan to continue their education after graduation. They are selected based on their academic achievement, outstanding leadership, and service to others. The top three winners receive $6,000 each. There also are three special honors winners that receive $2,000 each.?? P. Buckley Moss Endowed Scholarship Scholarships are awarded to at least one high school senior with financial need, a certified specific language-related learning disability, and artistic talent who plan a career in visual arts.?? Ralph D. Norman Scholarship Award Available to Arkansas residents only, the Ralph G. Norman Scholarship fund was established to provide assistance to young adults with learning disabilities so they may obtain success in furthering their education. This $2,500 scholarship is awarded based on the applicants commitment to higher education, self-advocacy skills, and community involvement.?? Johnson Scholarship Available to students who enroll in a State University System of Florida institution. The Johnson Scholarship, funded by the Johnson Scholarship Foundation, is a competitively awarded program which is available to undergraduate students with disabilities with financial need who enroll in a State University System of Florida (SUS) institution.??

Career Paths Of Mary And The Fund - 814 Words

Mary’s Grandmother had begun a savings program for Mary’s college and the fund paid for Mary to attend undergraduate college at Florida Atlantic University. Mary had chosen Social work for her college education, which she continued as an advanced standing student and she received her Master’s degree in Social work in less than five years. Part of both undergraduate and graduate school Mary did internships at behavioral health facilities, where she became involved with persons struggling with chemical addictions. Mary liked and enjoyed this work so she went to work at a private facility for substance abuse. It was shortly after she began working at the facility when a Clinical Director from another office in West Palm beach, came to her and discussed Mary taking over the position as the Clinical Supervisor at the Port St Lucie office. This is when Mary chose to switch career paths from direct service with individual clients, administrative work, because she felt she could do more for more people if she was in charge of the program development and she participated in the policy making, but not just for her office but for all of the agency’s offices throughout the three states they are located, Florida, New Jersey and California. How did the SW develop and interest in the issue or policy area and get to be where he/she is today? While Mary was still in high school, she was required to do one-hundred hours of community service. Mary states she did some of her hours with theShow MoreRelatedWomen Are Achieving Great Success Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesstart businesses not to become the next Steve Jobs, but as a fallback employment strategy.† (Fondas) Because of this, women-owned small businesses are on the rise. 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I have tried many other occupations and educational programs and none of them have fulfilled me like I believe nursing will. It has taken me a long time to get to this point and I often joke that I finally know what I want to be when I grow up. I will tell you about my journeyRead MoreA First Lady Of The White House Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagestraditional role and it is still part of what First Ladies do.†(par11) However, the role has transformed over the centuries in several ways, such as being involved in specific interests to benefit the common good of said parties. Take for instance, â€Å"Mary Lincoln became an advocate for an organization that provided support for housing, employment and education of freed African-American slaves.†(par12) Furthermore, the First Lady â€Å"have been known to offer their opinion and advice on politics, policy

The Theory Of The Person s Disorders - 1138 Words

Dealing with a psychological disorder during any stage of life can be difficult. If you add in being a celebrity and being in the public eye, this can make conquering your disorder hard. The person that I have chosen for my case study is a popular celebrity who has been in the public eye since the young age of five. According to health.usnews.com, my person has been diagnosed with bulimia, bipolar disorder, and self-hard at the tender age of 18. I decided to study this person through the six theoretical models because it will allow for the most understanding of the person’s disorders. The first theoretical theory in which I will be examining the person’s disorders is the biological theory. According to the biological theory, most theorists would say that the reason behind her disorder would be something to do with her biological anatomy. They would say that there is something in her brain that is causing her to act in such a manner. It may often be associated to a singl e gene that the person may have. This means, the disorder they have may stem from a relative’s disorder as well. According to our text, â€Å"Because serotonin activity often parallels norepinephrine activity in unipolar depression, theorists at first expected that mania would also be related to high serotonin activity, but no such relationship has been found.† (Comer, 200) This means that because of the low activity in these neurotransmitters, the body is making the mind do things that it normally wouldn’t,Show MoreRelatedBasic Theories and Techniques of Abnormal Psychology1743 Words   |  7 PagesBasic Theories and Techniques of Abnormal Psychology Introduction Today, several facts about the thoughts and behaviors of the human beings have been established. These owe their emergence to the development of the field of psychological theories. 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Understanding the history of mental disorders and their treatment is important for researching new ways to treat these disorders and potentially prevent some of the disorders from developing. Over the years mental illnesses have been perceived and treated in many ways. Some of the earlier treatments include extensive bloodletting, dosing with chemicals, and physically shocking the patient (Dain,

Managing Regulative Community Relationships Free Essays

The introduction of the new technology has created a massive change in the global educational system. As of the present time, the proprietary educational industry is the trend in the academic arena. As clearly mentioned, the Internet is most commonly utilized for this reason. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Regulative Community Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now Academic companies who opt to provide educational services and gain amiable profit at the same time take advantage of this opportunity that is provided by technological revolution. In fact, â€Å"proprietary colleges are considered a cost efficient mode of course delivery† (NEA, Internet). To be able to have a fine share in the educational industry, which brings the proprietary educational companies with the profit that they ought to have, the regulations for the said system are strongly imposed by the government and some organizations that control them. This is to be able to ensure that the education provided by such companies is considerably of high level, amidst the profit-centered motives that they have towards the services that they provide the students who are enrolled in their curriculum offerings. In this regard, it could be noted that the regulations created for this type or proprietary companies tend to allow the developmental measures that could be taken into consideration. By being able to further develop their systems of employment as well as their class offerings that are open to the public, they are allowed to balance both their services and their profit share in the market. In comparison with the less stringently regulated industries such as the ones found in the internet (e.g. Amazon.com), proprietary education industry is able to attract an ample amount of market share in the educational industry which in a way, helps them attain the profitable goal that they have aimed upon creating the virtual educational institutions. Among the regulations that controls the proprietary educational companies’ activities is the corporate citizenship. This is a regulation that indicates that companies that provide public service, such as education, should have â€Å"a shift from a paradigm of doing no harm as one of adopting a role for a positive good (Tuck, Internet). This means that an educational company found in the virtual world must not only see to it that they are doing no harm to their clients but they are also able to provide their ‘stakeholders’ with the ample service that they give, which refers to the positive good of the corporate missions. As a result, many students are further attracted to the system of education that virtual universities or colleges offer. Certainly, the convenience that it brings the students is highly motivational for young students or even professionals who would like to learn more to take advantage of the course offerings provided by the said type of educational provisions. However, the profit-oriented goals of the company at times redefine the service that these educational companies are providing their clients. Wanting to actually earn an amiably high amount of returns from the effort that the administrations put forward for organizing such types of institutions over the net, they are usually grabbed away from the excellent educational service that they are expected to provide their students. Hence, as a result, the financial stability that could ensure the company’s future existence in the proprietary educational industry is dimmed and less given attention. As known to many, the risks in any kind of industry changes over the years. This is why Lucy Benholz has pointed out in one of her articles that â€Å"foundations from different regions and sizes have found that building strong relationship with the policy makers when times are good will afford them some access to the resources that are further stretched on all sides†(Internet). This mainly points out the fact that as the policies and regulatory systems of the industry changes over time, it would be helpful for the companies to develop close relationships with the policy makers. This way they are able to earn for themselves an access to the provisions and resources given by the regulatory board creators to help them readjust their systems and still be able to attain the profit-centered missions of the company. If this is not considered by the administration, it could be well expected that the company would have a hard time dealing with the adjustments that has to be done and in later times, it would not be impossible for the virtual company to loose its track and be eliminated in the proprietary educational industry. BIBLIOGRAPHY Tuck, Jackie. (2005). Managing community relationships, reputation and sustaining competitive advantage. School of Business University of Ballarat. http://www.latrobe.edu.au/csrc/fact2/refereed/tuck_lowe_mccrae.pdf. (January 3, 2007). NEA Research Update. (2004). Proprietary Education: Threat, or Not? http://www2.nea.org/he/heupdate/images/vol10no4.pdf.   (January 3, 2007). Bernholz, Lucy. Managing up in down times. http://www.blueprintrd.com/text/managingup.pdf. (January 3, 2007).       How to cite Managing Regulative Community Relationships, Essay examples

Case Analysis Schindler India Essay Example For Students

Case Analysis Schindler India Essay MGT 554: International Business and Law Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A) – A Case Analysis ____________________________________________________________ __________________ CASE ANALYSIS – SCHINDLER INDIA Schindler Holding Ltd, a respected Swiss elevator company, was established in 1874 by Robert Schindler and the first Schindler elevator was installed in India in 1925. After technical and sales collaborations with Indian companies, ECE and Bharat Bijlee Ltd. (BBL) in 1958 and 1985, Schindler Ltd decided to setup a wholly owned company in India in 1998. The Indian economy had been liberalized in 1991 and the economy was growing at a rapid clip with many commercial buildings, hotels etc, being setup. Sensing the growing opportunity, Alfred Schindler, Chairman and 4th generation founder family member, decided to invest in India. But he also knew that Indian elevator market was very demanding requiring customization even at the lowest elevator product range and very price sensitive. The market was also competitive and he was also aware that almost 50% of the market was captured by their worldwide competitors, Otis, and the remaining 24% by other well known brands like Finland based Kone etc. It was clear to him that entering this competitive yet potentially lucrative and profitable market would require services of a person with qualities of having a long term vision, foresight, be able to take high risks, be decisive, require thorough understanding of the local elevator market and to be able to adapt to the ever-changing local market conditions. Mr. Silvio Napoli seemed to have the right qualities for the job. Graduating with MBA from Harvard Business School, Silvio was appointed as head of corporate planning and was involved in strategic review processes, benchmarking and competitor analysis etc. hereby gaining good understanding of the global elevator market. He also gained good MGT 554: International Business and Law Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A) – A Case Analysis ____________________________________________________________ __________________ experience managing a project that developed a standardized, low cost elevator for the highly saturated western e levator markets of France, Spain etc. , an experience that could also be leveraged for the Indian market. Silvio was also assigned with the task of evaluating the Indian elevator market for potential joint ventures, understand prevailing legal systems, estimate market size etc. and with this knowledge Silvio presented a India specific business plan to the corporate headquarters, which was quickly approved. So, Silvio should have been the right person for the job, but after reviewing his progress after 7 months, it became clear that he lacked essential qualities of having a long term vision, foresight, inflexibility and patience. Yes it is true that Silvio did a research about India and could get all the necessary information to start the wholly owned subsidiary of Schindler in India, but he lacked in understanding the cultural preferences and local preference to customizations. Silvio was strong headed and single minded, impatient and short tempered and also over communicative. He was not open to ideas communicated by his senior management, including managing director, Mehar Karan Singh, who emphasized on the need to have patience in the Indian market and develop relationships with customers. All these qualities of Silvio are not exactly appropriate in the Indian elevator market and could also lead to ineffective management control and dissatisfied subordinates. Given that Schindler was expecting large growth in a short period of time (sell 50 units in first year and have 20% of the market share within 5 years), it is clear Silvio also lacked execution capabilities. In the 7 months since Schindler established a dedicated presence in India, not a single elevator was installed in the country. Future prospects also looked bleak with no new concrete orders and escalated cost of elevators. .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .postImageUrl , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:hover , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:visited , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:active { border:0!important; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:active , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ad Reinhardt Abstract Painting 19601965 EssayMr. Luc Bonnard, Vice Chairman of the MGT 554: International Business and Law Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A) – A Case Analysis ____________________________________________________________ __________________ company, naturally was not pleased with Silvio’s performance. From Luc Bonnard’s perspective, Silvio had managed to setup the entity in India in a very cost effective manner, without incurring major investments. The company had no dedicated elevator manufacturing facilities, no elaborate logistics or distribution investments and infact office space and furniture were also rented. Silvio had also hired some of the best local talent in key managerial and technical positions in the country. But these measures per se will not lead to profitability and it is recommended that for Silvio to succeed, he would have to first increase product offering in the country, showcase latest technology though it may be expensive in the price conscious market, start setting up a manufacturing facility and not overly depend on outsourcing every aspect right from assembly, be updated with the latest pricing from corporate headquarters and establish tighter communication and rapport between the local and corporate facilities of the company. Silvio formed new management team, which seemed to have a better grasp of the local elevator market conditions, was not comfortable with Silvio’s rigidity in concentrating on standardized elevators without much customization and seriously doubted if the company could be successful with only one low end, standardized elevator, S001. So, when there was a sales opportunity for some elevators, even though they required customization, the management team grabbed this opportunity without Silvio’s knowledge. But Silvio seemed to disagree or unhappy with this order since it went against his policy of minimizing elevator customizations and using only standardarized product offerings. There was no adaptability in Silvio’s business plan and he rigidly believed in global standardization strategy to focus on increasing profitability and profit MGT 554: International Business and Law Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A) – A Case Analysis ____________________________________________________________ __________________ growth. Napoli’s plan called for Schindler India to sell 50 units in first year and to win 20% market share. The company has a strong pressure to reduce cost and limited pressure to adapt to the Indian market. It is recommended that for Silvio to succeed in the Indian market, he must immediately alter his plan and introduce elevator customizations. In the short term, his technical staff must be sent to the corporate headquarters for training on existing standardized elevator design, understand the technical specifications and explore possible customization options in the current range of elevators. In case if the existing team was still felt to be too inexperienced to handle this new range of elevators, then Silvio must also have options to bring in technically qualified personnel from the headquarters. For a long term strategy, it is recommended there are flexible technology transfer agreement between the Indian subsidiary and the corporate headquarters for multiple elevator product ranges that allows high degree of elevator customization. It is also highly recommended to set up a Greenfield manufacturing facility in the country to leverage on the cost and labor arbitrage, instead of extensively outsourcing and depending on external vendors for elevator assembly and spare parts. In addition to the problems faced in executing elevator orders due to elevator customization issues, Silvio also erred in formulating appropriate pricing strategy for India. His business plan did not consider important financial related factors like effect of Government policies on elevator industry, fluctuations in the currency exchange rate, effect of changes in the new transfer policy introduced by the corporate headquarters etc. As it is known, transfer pricing is determined various factors but primarily on profit earned by the subsidiary and also takes into account difference in the currency exchange .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .postImageUrl , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:hover , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:visited , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:active { border:0!important; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:active , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Consequences Of Guns EssayMGT 554: International Business and Law Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A) – A Case Analysis By Satish Krishnamoorthy, Ramya Narayanaswamy, Karthik Chittatoor, Kamalendra Velendra ____________________________________________________________ __________________ rates. To handle the current pricing crisis, in the short term, it is recommended for Silvio to immediately negotiate with the corporate headquarters to revert back on the old transfer pricing method hat he had used to calculate pricing. For the long term, Silvio should enter into a mutual agreement with corporate headquarters that there will be no changes in transfer pricing met hodology and changes in prices of essential imported elevator spare parts, without adequate prior intimation. Alternately, Silvio can also mutually agree on the transfer prices of some of the models transfer prices in his yearly budget and thereby shielding from sudden changes in the pricing.

Chapter - 4 Convective Mass Transfer Essays - Thermodynamics

Chapter - 4 Convective Mass Transfer 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Convective Mass Transfer coefficient 4.3 Significant parameters in convective mass transfer 4. The application of dimensional analysis to Mass Transfer 4.4.1 Transfer into a stream flowing under forced convection 4.4.2 Transfer into a phase whose motion is due to natural convection 5. Analogies among mass, heat, and momentum transfer 4.5.1 Reynolds analogy 4.5.2 Chilton - Colburn analogy 6. Convective mass transfer correlations 4.6.1 For flow around flat plat 4.6.2 For flow around single sphere 4.6.3 For flow around single cylinder 4.6.4 For flow through pipes 7. Mass transfer between phases 8. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer 4.8.1 Condensation of vapour on cold surface 4.8.2 Wet bulb thermometer 4.1 Introduction Our discussion of mass transfer in the previous chapter was limited to molecular diffusion, which is a process resulting from a concentration gradient. In system involving liquids or gases, however, it is very difficult to eliminate convection from the overall mass-transfer process. Mass transfer by convection involves the transport of material between a boundary surface (such as solid or liquid surface) and a moving fluid or between two relatively immiscible, moving fluids. There are two different cases of convective mass transfer: 1. Mass transfer takes place only in a single phase either to or from a phase boundary, as in sublimation of naphthalene (solid form) into the moving air. 2. Mass transfer takes place in the two contacting phases as in extraction and absorption. In the first few section we will see equation governing convective mass transfer in a single fluid phase. 4.2 Convective Mass Transfer Coefficient In the study of convective heat transfer, the heat flux is connected to heat transfer coefficient as [pic] -------------------- (4.1) The analogous situation in mass transfer is handled by an equation of the form [pic] -------------------- (4.2) The molar flux N A is measured relative to a set of axes fixed in space. The driving force is the difference between the concentration at the phase boundary, CAS (a solid surface or a fluid interface) and the concentration at some arbitrarily defined point in the fluid medium, C A . The convective mass transfer coefficient kC is a function of geometry of the system and the velocity and properties of the fluid similar to the heat transfer coefficient, h. 4.3 Significant Parameters in Convective Mass Transfer Dimensionless parameters are often used to correlate convective transfer data. In momentum transfer Reynolds number and friction factor play a major role. In the correlation of convective heat transfer data, Prandtl and Nusselt numbers are important. Some of the same parameters, along with some newly defined dimensionless numbers, will be useful in the correlation of convective mass-transfer data. The molecular diffusivities of the three transport process (momentum, heat and mass) have been defined as: [pic] ----------------------------- (4.3) [pic] --------------------------- (4.4) and [pic]--------------------------- (4.5) It can be shown that each of the diffusivities has the dimensions of L2 / t, hence, a ratio of any of the two of these must be dimensionless. The ratio of the molecular diffusivity of momentum to the molecular diffusivity of heat (thermal diffusivity) is designated as the Prandtl Number [pic] ------------------------ (4.6) The analogous number in mass transfer is Schmidt number given as [pic] -------------- (4.7) The ratio of the molecular diffusivity of heat to the molecular diffusivity of mass is designated the Lewis Number, and is given by [pic] ------------- (4.8) Figure Lewis number is encountered in processes involving simultaneous convective transfer of mass and energy. Let us consider the mass transfer of solute A from a solid to a fluid flowing past the surface of the solid. The concentration and velocity profile is depicted in figure ( ). For such a case, the mass transfer between the solid surface and the fluid may be written as [pic] ---------------------- (4.1 a) Since the mass transfer at the surface is by molecular diffusion, the mass transfer may also described by [pic] ------------------------- (4.9) When the boundary concentration, CAs is constant, equation (4.9) may be written as [pic] ---------------------- (4.10) Equation (4.1a) and (4.10) may be equated, since they define the same flux of component A leaving the surface and entering the fluid [pic] --------------- (4.11) This relation may be rearranged into the following form: [pic] -------------------- (4.12) Multiplying both sides of equation(4.12) by a characteristic length, L we obtain the following dimensionless expression: [pic] ----------------- (4.13) The right hand side of equation (4.13) is the ratio of the concentration gradient at the surface to an overall or reference concentration gradient; accordingly, it may be considered as

Assignment Tax essayEssay Writing Service

Assignment Tax essayEssay Writing Service Assignment Tax essay Assignment Tax essayOn 10 May 2013, the IRS issued regulations under section 336(e) that allow taxpayers in certain situations to elect to treat sales and distributions of 80Â  percent of a corporation’s (the target) stock as taxable sales of the target’s assets (Taxation of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions, 2014). In such a way, the US fiscal policy aims at the enhancement of the transparency of fiscal operations and minimizes the risk of tax avoidance. The development of section 336(e) contributed to raising barriers on the way of international fiscal schemes that allow money laundering and transferring money off shore.Net investment income tax imposes 3.8% tax on net investment income of individuals, estates and trusts (Taxation of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions, 2014). In such a way, the US fiscal policy aims at the accurate and effective taxation of investment incomes obtained by companies as well as individuals operating internationally. At this point , it is worth mentioning the fact that some companies have developed numerous schemes of tax evasion using their investments as the way to transfer their capital off shore or to other countries, where the fiscal legislation is more liberal and less restrictive. In such a way, the national legislation raises barriers for international schemes planned for tax avoidance and other schemes.Furthermore, the Foreign account tax Compliance act (FatCa) was enacted into law to address tax evasion by US taxpayers that hold unreported assets in financial accounts and undisclosed interests in foreign entities (Taxation of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions, 2014). The tax evasion is a serious threat to the national economy. At the same time, international transfers are the most efficient way to complete tax evasions fast and effectively. Local law enforcement agencies have difficulties with the investigation of such crimes. The elimination of fiscal barriers and the enhancement of the foreign account tax policies help to minimize the risk of the violation of tax policies and prevents the problem of tax evasion.One of the major advancement in fiscal policies at the international level is the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards. International Financial Reporting Standards introduce the common set of standards of financial reporting at the local and international level. In such a way, International Financial Reporting Standards help to balance the international legislation and fiscal policies, to harmonize them and develop common, transparent standards and principles that will contribute to the transparency of accounting and financial performance. International Financial Reporting Standards have been implemented since 2012. The first phase of the International financial Reporting Standards was introduced in 2013 and the preparation for the introduction of the second phase has started. 2014 involved the evaluation and assessment of the implementation of phase one of International Financial Reporting Standards. The accurate assessment is pivotal for the further implementation of phase two of International Financial Reporting Standards.Furthermore, the international cooperation in fiscal policies contributes to the tighter regulations and higher transparency of fiscal policies and accounting of businesses operating at the domestic and international market (Chernick Reschovsky, 2000). In this regard, the introduction of the automated information exchange international standard is an important step toward to the enhancement of the international fiscal policies and standards that facilitate the tax policy and tax accountability of businesses.At the same time, well-developed nations, including the US and the EU assist developing countries into the implementation of international accountability standards and fiscal policies that match international standards (Fighting Tax Evasion and Avoidance: A year of progress, 2014). In such a wa y, developed nations help developing ones to close fiscal gaps and help to introduce effective systems of monitoring and control. However, the key to the effective fiscal policies at the international level is the transparency of fiscal policies.However, one of the primary concerns of the international community in terms of fiscal policies was tackling tax heavens and aggressive tax planning that prevent the risk of the development of tax evasion schemes and transferring substantial financial resources offshore.3)International Financial Reporting Standards may become the tax framework within which international fiscal system can operate successfully. At the same time, the implementation of the common, global fiscal framework does not necessarily mean the resolution of the problem of tax avoidance. In fact, the tax avoidance occurs not only because of differences in fiscal policies and different policy standards but also because of the different in fiscal policies conducted by fiscal institutions of each country. At this point, the International Financial Reporting Standards can become a solid financial framework for well-developed nations with the solid legal system, well-established democracy, and low level of corruption. On the contrary, some developing nations, like Nigeria, for example, face the high risk of corruption. Even emerging economies, like China, suffer from the high level of corruption. Therefore, in case of the creation of the global tax framework after the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards, countries with the high level of corruption may become new tax heavens for companies and individuals, who want to hide their profits and pay fewer taxes.At the same time, the risk of corruption is not the only obstacle for the successful introduction of the global fiscal framework. The implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards and the elaboration of the common fiscal policy worldwide raises the problem the economic disparity in the global economy and the different dynamics of the economic development of different countries (Holzman, 2005). What is meant here is the fact that fiscal policies, including fiscal policies regulating international financial operations, are effective tools that help governments to stimulate business activities and balance the economic development. For example, in case of ‘overheating’ of the domestic economy, the government of a country may be willing to raise taxes to avoid the further ‘overheating’ that may lead to the crisis of overproduction and further economic decline. On the contrary, the government of a country that suffers from the economic recession may need to eliminate fiscal barriers and introduce more liberal fiscal legislation to attract more investors. In such a way, they can boost their economic development. However, the introduction of the International Financial Reporting Standards as the common, global tax frame work will become an obstacle for such independent policies conducted by governments. Obviously, at the moment, national governments are not ready to put international fiscal policies above their national economic interests. Therefore, even in case of the introduction of the International Financial Reporting Standards as the global tax framework, this framework will be unable to prevent the risk of tax avoidance.Nevertheless, the introduction of the International Financial Reporting Standards as the common, global tax framework can lay the foundation to the development of common fiscal policies and tax legislation. The introduction of the tax framework implemented internationally will stimulate the introduction of the common tax legislation that will help to prevent the risk of tax avoidance. Even though the International Financial Reporting Standards will not eliminate the problem of the tax avoidance point blank, but still such global tax framework helps to decrease such a risk. At this point, the elaboration of common international standards is an important step toward the effective prevention of tax avoidance at the international level. At any rate, the global tax framework helps to stimulate companies to introduce common strategies to match international fiscal standards. In the course of time, International Financial Reporting Standards can help to make the global business more transparent.In such a way, the International Financial Reporting Standards as the global tax framework will not bring immediate positive changes in terms of the tax avoidance minimization but still the global tax framework will have a positive impact on the development of international business and fiscal policies. Even though the International Financial Reporting Standards will not eliminate the problem of the tax avoidance, they will help to decrease the risk of the tax avoidance.

Richard Branson Leadership Style and Philosophy Essay

Richard Branson Leadership Style and Philosophy - Essay Example The present research has identified that over the years the Virgin Group has always been famous for their focus on customer service. However, Branson’s theory asserts that their highest priority is in making their employees as comfortable as possible. The reasoning behind this theory is that when a company has happy and satisfied employees, the employees will be able to give their best in the production process. As a result, the products and services that are produced by such companies will be in accordance with the expectation of the customers. As a result, customers will be satisfied and will remain loyal to the brand. This implies that there will be higher profits, which simply mean that investors will also be highly rewarded for their investment. Despite the fact that the Virgin Group has businesses in various parts of the world, it is improper to refer to the Virgin Group as a multinational. This is because all their businesses operate separately with Branson serving as a major shareholder in all cases. He also acts as the chairman and public relations supremo in all cases. Branson believes in product departmentalization, which refers to dividing an organization into various departments depending on the kind of product or service that they produce. For the sake of flexibility and the highly changing business environment, Branson believes that business organizations can highly benefit from using organic structures. Their companies use various types of departmentalization such as geographic and customer departmentalization because of the independent nature of their companies. Richard Branson should consider more postmodern organizations. This is because globalization has led to a business environment where factors that affect the functioning of a business are more than just those that are dominant in the geographical area in which they operate. It gets to a moment that even the individual organizations will have to expand past their comfort zone for t he sake of growth and competitiveness. However, it should also be noted that globalization leads to a situation where cultures are crossing borders. This is an implication that business organization needs to be more flexible so that they can be able to adapt to the changes that are brought about by the growth of globalization.

Developing Tyrrells Potato Chips Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Developing Tyrrells Potato Chips - Essay Example For this purpose it may resort to more advertising, other promotions, offering discounts and better customer service. It can also try to compete by making its operations more efficient and thus bring down its costs. Alternatively, it can try to increase its economies of scale by more investment. Sometimes existing market may become so saturated or uneconomical that companies may enter new markets with existing products. Such a strategy falls under the category of market development. The obvious example is the entry of multinational companies into new markets with existing products they were selling in the home country or other markets. This entry could help the company to transfer loyalties of customers to buy its own products. This is very effective if the product is a well-known brand in the world and is being made available for the first time or in large quantities. If a new product is manufactured by a company and it tries to sell it in the same market it operates, then it is classified under product development. The company is confident that its new product will be attractive in the existing market itself. Companies try to market the new product to existing customers or even get new customers to buy them. The product could be completely new or can be used as accessories or add-ons to its existing products. â€Å"Sell new products or services in current markets. These strategies often try to sell other products to (regular) clients. These can be accessories, add-ons, or completely new products. Cross Selling. Often, existing communication channels are used.† (Product/Market Grid (Ansoff) 2008). Product diversification is an instance where a company develops or acquires a new product and market in an entirely new place. There are four ways of diversification that can be used by a company.

Relationship Between Doubt And Knowledge Philosophy Essay

Relationship Between Doubt And Knowledge Philosophy Essay Doubt is the key to knowledge (Persian Proverb). To what extent is this true in two areas of knowledge? Some definitions of doubt emphasize the state in which the mind remains suspended between two contradictory propositions and unable to assent to either of them. Doubt makes us aware and allows us to assess the reliability of the source of knowledge we are using. Doubt brings into question some notion of a perceived reality, and may involve delaying or rejecting relevant action out of concerns for mistakes or faults or appropriateness. The concept of doubt covers a range of phenomena: one can characterize both deliberate questioning of uncertainties and an emotional state of indecision as doubt. Doubt could be the key to knowledge but till it doesnt make the person reject everything he discovers. For example, if I doubt that I am going to flunk in IB then it is not a serious key to knowledge. If this motivates you and makes you study like mad then it is. If it discourages you then it is not. So, doubt is only a key to knowledge under certain circumstances. Moreover, there is always the danger of skepticism, that endless tendency to doubt and question. Regarding to skepticism and doubt it should be mentioned that regarding to Cartesian skepticism there is an aim to eliminate every belief that could be doubted and so Descartes keeps only the basic beliefs from which he will gain further knowledge. So doubt is the key to knowledge under certain circumstances. Doubt makes us aware and allows us to assess reliability of the source of knowledge we are using. In Science this means questioning things (attempt to falsify). Every discovery begins with a point for doubt. We see and perceive the world with the help of our senses but we dont know what is real. Natural Sciences are a quite reliable body of human knowledge, exactly because it is based on experiments and proof and has at its base the scientific method. In order to test the doubts and lead to a conclusion we follow a scientific method. First of all we ask a question which is associated with the doubt that we have and want to investigate. Then we evaluate information and so we are led to form a hypothesis. After that, we test our hypothesis with the help of an experiment in order to justify our doubt or not. In the end we observe what happened in the experiment and we draw a conclusion by either justifying our doubt or rejecting it. Avogadro, who was a scientist having studied mathemati cs and science, proposed his now famous hypothesis that equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain equal numbers of molecules   and made the distinction between atoms and molecules, which today seems clear. However, Dalton rejected Avogadros hypothesis because Dalton believed that atoms of the same kind could not combine. Since it was believed that atoms were held together by an electrical force, only unlike atoms would be attracted together, and like atoms should repel. Therefore it seemed impossible for a molecule of oxygen, O2, to exist. Avogadros work, even if it was read appears not to have been understood, and was pushed into the dark recesses of chemistry libraries and ignored. In Science we can never be 100% confident in our results because during investigations many errors can occur and thats why doubting is legitimate in science. There might be some possible errors in the application of the scientific method (errors due to instruments, biases, problems of deduction/induction) which may lead to a weird result of an experiment and this would be confirmed by repeating the experimental procedure. A personal example is that in Chemistry class we had to observe water transport in a celery stalk. Due to a mistake in the method that we followed (we didnt stop the timer in the right time but later) the results came out to be strange and wrong. So, we had to repeat the investigation in order to be more accurate with time and therefore gain the results that we expect. In an IB Biology class the aim of the investigation was to see whether there is an effect of varying concentration of a certain sugar solution on the amount of osmotic activity between the solution and a potato chip of given size or not. So, we followed a certain method and then we proved that our doubt, which was that the lower concentration of the sugar solution in the beaker the larger the mass of the potato will be, was justified. This is a hypothesis not a doubt. It looks like a doubt though. This example makes us understand the fact that we cannot reach a point where everything important in a scientific sense is known because through the doubts we investigate and find everyday new things that provide us knowledge. All the above points are associated with theories that are provisional. Provisional theories are theories that are accepted until we reach a point where we reject them. What leads us to the point of rejection is doubt. Moreover, it should be mentioned that similar to provisional theories is falsification. Falsification is again based on doubt. Falsification includes theories that are provisional and need justifications and evidence in order to prove the doubt or not. At that point it should be mentioned an example of Paradigm shift which means that some established theories that were doubted have been revised. Paradigm shift is a term used by Thomas Kuhn to describe a change in basic assumptions within the ruling theory of science. An application of Paradigm shift can be seen in the natural sciences and is the acceptance of Charles Darwins theory of natural selection replaced Lamarckism as the mechanism for evolution. Gregory Mendel, before he demonstrated the whole issue for monohybrid crosses he doubted it and made a falsification. His theory was seen as a provisional explanation but after he gained evidence by crossing varieties of pea plants which had different characteristics, he demonstrated his theory which is left in the history of science as Mendels Monohybrid Crosses. In conclusion for one more time this example shows that doubt is the key to knowledge. In Mathematics like in other subjects, we built on things that we previously learned or proved. We built on axioms which are self-evident statements. We take axioms without question and from these we can use the rules of logic to work out problems. An example of an axiom is that, an odd number is a number which can be written as 2n + 1, where n is a whole number. We could not gain knowledge if we have doubt on a fundamental assumption. On the contrary some theorists believe that having no doubt can lead to error in some cases. They believe that a little sense of doubt can mean that someone is open-minded and can gain further knowledge. But in pure mathematics, everything (logic, axioms, mathematical structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) is within the laws and conventions. Everything is deductively reasoned, and once something is proved, it is true no matter that space and time. Therefore, doubt in mathematics is not necessarily the key to knowledge. But again sometimes depends on how we define doubt. If we for example doubt that something in mathematics missing and trying to find it, we will certainly bring the development of the knowledge. One such example is Godels Incompleteness Theorem. Kurt Gà ¶del is most famous for his second incompleteness theorem, and many people are unaware that, important as it was and is within the field of mathematical logic and beyond, this result is only the middle movement, so to speak, of a metamathematical symphony of results stretching from 1929 through 1937. These results are: the Completeness Theorem; the First and Second Incompleteness Theorems; and the consistency of the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis (GCH) and the Axiom of Choice (AC) with the other axioms of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. The first incompleteness theorem states that no consistent system of axioms whose theorems can be listed by an effective procedure (essentially, a computer program) is capable of proving all facts about the natural numbers. For any such system, there will always be statements about the natural numbers that are true, but that are improvable within the system. The second incompleteness theorem s hows that if such a system is also capable of proving certain basic facts about the natural numbers, then one particular arithmetic truth the system cannot prove is the consistency of the system itself. Pythagoras theorem based on trigonometry was firstly demonstrated by Euclidis, a famous mathematician in Ancient Greece but because of his sudden death another couple doubted about the context of the theorem and therefore they reconstructed his theory centuries after his death. This example shows us that doubt is the key to knowledge since the couple guided by their doubt continued the theory and therefore expanded the mathematical knowledge. Cartesian doubt is methodological. Its purpose is to use doubt as a route to certain knowledge by finding those things which could not be doubted.] The fallibility of sense data in particular is a subject of Cartesian doubt. There is a debate on whether doubt in Ethics can or cannot be a key to knowledge. Critic and doubt in ethics examine our decisions in our everyday life and our actions from private and personal to public and political. Sometimes doubt in ethics tries to provide us with a guide for moral decisions and generally choices. Ethical axioms are tested not very differently to the axioms of science. Truth is what stands the test of time. As an example, let us suppose that abortion on demand is wrong. We want to collect relevant evidence and information to test whether our belief is reasonable and valid. One way to justify our belief is to say that abortion is wrong because abortion is murder and so murder is wrong too. Of course I should demonstrate the truth of the fact that abortion and murder are wrong and therefore to suggest that abortion which is wrong is true because the baby is alive and murder occurs since the life is taken unnecessarily. The philosopher Kant has worked with Ethics and doubt and has claimed that in order to judge an act, we should first consider what principle governs the act and to imagine what would happen if someone obeyed the principle. Kant also suggests that we judge on whether the act is good not by seeing if it produced good effects but by seeing if a consistent world is produced. Moreover another point that should be mentioned on ethics and doubt is the ethical theories. Philosophers came up with theories that help a person to define morally right behaviors. One such theory is the Deontological theory which says that people have a duty to refrain from actions that this duty will be determined by the nature of the action itself, therefore individuals should perform their duties regardless of the consequences, individuals have a duty to refrain from bad behavior and the bad behavior will be determined by the nature of the action. This theory can be applied to real-life situations where individu als have the option of doing right or wrong. The individuals should refrain from the bad behavior no matter which the consequences are. In both areas of knowledge we justify the fact that doubt is not always the key to knowledge. Actually in the second area of knowledge (mathematics), we observed that doubt can be a key to knowledge regarding to the definition that we give to doubt as a word. Therefore the starting statement of the essay, whether doubt is the key to knowledge is right but it should also be added under certain circumstances. What we would do overall is first of all not to doubt everything around us because on the one hand we gain knowledge from doubt but on the other hand, some things are deductively reasoning and once they have been proved, they are true for all time regardless of space and time. Word Count:2.079

History of East Saint Louis Essay

East Saint Louis, Illinois is a very small city it has a total of 89 streets as of today. Around in the 1860’s the city used to be called Illinois town. It was the fourth largest city in the state of Illinois. People knew one place they could get a job was in this city. The name East Saint Louis came about because of the terrible reputation it had when it was known as Illinois town so they decided to rename it hoping to overcome all the challenges they were facing. Jobs started to vanish, riots broke out and blacks moving there was the cause of all this. Most of the blacks that lived there came from down South where living conditions couldn’t be much worst. If they had a chance to move their children they did. They didn’t want their children to experience the life of picking cotton as they had. The whites there were upset and weren’t going to let the blacks take their jobs. As time grew and more blacks start to come, the more jobs started to leave so as the jobs started to leave the Population started to decline meaning taxes were higher and cuts had to be made. One investor had in mind if he bought some vacant lots that he could make a little money on the side, because the federal government was going to provide funds for â€Å"turnkey housing† to be scattered throughout the city, so the empty property will be his quick get rich scheme. When the housing Authority began building Low-income housing, real-estates agents and developers made a lot of money building and selling houses in West Belleville. The whites started to flee once they started to build in their neighborhoods. As time as started to pass things started to get worst, Violence were people were hurt, Homes being broken into, people being robbed, and killed. The population in the 1960 was around 81,728, as of 2011 the population is 27,000, with an estimated 14,000 resident living in public housing that leaves the tax burden on the 13,000. Forty percent of the residents draw public aid. The blacks who are able are fleeing away from the city as well. This makes the population continue to drop. In 1972, James Williams was the town black first Mayor he defeated Charles Merritts even though Merritts had the support of the white Democrats. Thereafter Merritts was sentence to federal prison for taking kickbacks as president of School District 189 Board of Education and also for putting a contract out to kill Clyde C. Jordan, a great leader for the town who was a fellow school board member and publisher of the Crusader black weekly newspaper. In the present year we can see that nothing has changed. All the corruption of this town has been going on since the beginning of time. Nothing really has change, we might see a new promising building here and now but the wrong people still holds the key to the scene of this all. We as citizens of East St. Louis, IL hopefully one day get the courage to stand up for what’s right and not worry about the consequence we might endure. Change is good and the city of East Saint Louis needs a tremendous change and we as the people can and shall make that happen.

Fan Violence in International Soccer Essay

Fan violence in international soccer is a very serious form of aggression and it must be given a lot of attention by the games’ stake holders. Fan violence in international soccer involves actions that are taken by the football supporters and fights between the supporters of rival teams may sometimes take place after the football matches. The fights could also be prearranged in locations that are away from the stadiums so that the fans can avoid the police interventions. Fan violence can be at times be prompted by violent actions which involve the players themselves or any other form of event that could be taking place during a game or even disturbances and riots that are sport related and often they occur for other reasons. Fan violence in international soccer has been on the increase as it is known as the existence of an essentially unstable and an abnormal temperament in some individuals who happen for some reason to have taken soccer as an arena in which they act out their instabilities. (Smith, 1983) It has become very difficult to deal with the offenders in the football matches and the international football federation has had difficulties punishing the spectators who misbehave themselves . The international football federation has also had to deal with issues that prompt fans violence in soccer matches such as providing seats in place of standing accommodation, initiating maximum cooperation between the police and the football clubs and also ensuring that there is an absolute acceptance of the referees decisions by everybody in the football arena. The key stakeholders of the soccer game are the international football federation who ensure that the punishment that is given to the offenders and to those who participate in football hooliganism should match the seriousness of the offence. It is notably very true that the consumption of alcohol is a very important factor in crowd misbehavior especially in places where the football matches are taking place. (Smith, 1987) The football fans are mainly controlled by the activities and the popularize of different clubs . This makes it a contest as they embark on slogans chants and even songs so that they can demonstrate their support to the teams they support. The violence that exists between the sets of fans is seen as a part of their participation in the game. Violent fans and those who mainly participate in violent actions in the international soccer are basically those people who are young and unemployed. It also involves also those who are members of fanatic clubs and they are poorly educated since they attribute most of their behavior to the external factors rather than the internal ones. In most case there are usually two matches going on in a football stadium and whereas one match concerns the football teams that are on the pitch and the second match usually involves the fanatic fans whose interests are not in the game as such but on the opportunities which are offered by the football such as meeting the club mates and giving vents to their emotions and energies in the battles with others. (Smith, 1983) It is at times very complex to handle fan violence in soccer ethically since the game requires intense physical contact which may cause harm of injury. When the stake holders access the moral status of an action, they examine the issue of consent by the person on whom the action has been performed. Actions by the fans which are outside the rules of the federation of international soccer are considered to be morally unacceptabl. Reference: Smith, M. (1983): Violence and Sport, Toronto, Ontario: Butterworth’s. Smith, M. (1987): Violence in Canadian Amateur Sport, a Review of the Literature, Ottawa, Ontario, Commission for Fair Play, Government of Canada.

Introduction to Online Teaching for English Teachers

There has been huge growth in opportunities for online teaching for ESL/EFL teachers over the past few years. Heres a quick overview of the current situation, exciting opportunities in the pipeline and tips on sites that are currently offering online teaching possibilities. Online Teaching as an Independent Contractor Most online teaching opportunities provide work as an independent contractor. What this means is that there are no set hours and you can work as much or as little as you wish. Of course, thats also the catch—often there is little work to be had. The upside is that online teaching generally allows you to set your own prices on these services. Establish a top reputation in online teaching, and you can ask for a higher rate. Competition In the world of online teaching, there is a lot of competition, which sometimes leads to fewer hours. However, things are changing rapidly and more and more students are finding their way to the variety of online teaching venues. Here are some of the main sites that currently offer an online teaching opportunity: VIPKID: VIPKID focuses solely on teaching English online and handles all the lesson plans and client communications. Available to teachers from the U.S. and Canada, VIPKID has an application process that involves a mock lesson. Teachers that perform well will have a higher base salary. VIPKID offers additional bonuses and incentives. iTalki: This site started off as a place to find speaking partners in various languages via Skype. Now, its grown to include online teaching services in English. Online Teaching as an Employee There are a few companies that offer opportunities for paid online teaching positions. Of course, the competition is more intense for these positions, but the pay is steady. If you are an experienced teacher, comfortable with technology, would like to take advantage of online teaching, but desire a fixed schedule this is probably for you. The best place to look for one of these positions is TEFL.com. Creating an Online Teaching Business There are a number of teachers that have set up their own online teaching businesses over the past few years. A number of these businesses seem to be doing well. Youll need the ability to think like an entrepreneur (this includes marketing yourself, networking, developing contacts, etc.) If this appeals to you, it could also be the most lucrative online teaching arrangement - but it is hard work and can take quite a while to build up to the point where you have a steady stream of English learners. Basic Requirements To successfully participate in online teaching youll need to be able to do a few things well: Use technology with ease. Make sure that you dont waste students time while you learn the technology. This sounds quite obvious, but it is often a problem.Create a few lesson plans that focus on online teaching. Youll need a game plan for online teaching. Its not the same as teaching in a classroom.Spend some money on good technology for your online teaching. These days gadgets are cheap. Make sure to invest in a good camera, headphones and microphone. Youll also need a computer that can handle video/audio streaming so make sure you have enough RAM!Willingness to promote yourself. If you would like to compete with other teachers as an independent contractor, youll need to promote yourself through your profile, blog, YouTube, etc. Currently, students dont just show up and they have lots of choices. There are many preparations to make before you begin online teaching. This guide to teaching online will help you deal with the most important technological considerations. Finally, if you have had any experience with online teaching, please share your experiences so we can all learn.